Which criterion identifies a student as having mental retardation?

A student is identified as having mental retardation, now referred to as intellectual disability, primarily based on their intellectual functioning ability, which is defined by an IQ score of approximately 70 or below. This criterion is essential because it establishes a baseline that indicates significant limitations in cognitive functioning. Such limitations impact a student's capacity to learn, reason, problem-solve, and plan effectively.

The identification often also considers adaptive behavior, which encompasses a person's ability to perform daily living skills and interact socially. However, the defining aspect in this context is the intellectual functioning score, which gives a quantitative measure of cognitive ability. Identifying a student with an IQ of 75 or below aligns closely with the diagnostic criteria used by professionals to determine intellectual disability, as it indicates significant difficulties that would affect educational performance and social functioning. This aligns with guidelines that aim to ensure the student receives appropriate support and services tailored to their needs.